|
Model United Nations, also known as Model UN, Mock UN or MUN, is an educational simulation and/or academic competition in which students can learn about diplomacy, international relations, and the United Nations. MUN involves and teaches researching, public speaking, debating, and writing skills, in addition to critical thinking, teamwork, and leadership abilities.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=What is Model United Nations? )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=What does "Model United Nations" mean? )〕 Usually an extracurricular activity, some schools also offer MUN as a class.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Model UN - Courses - Winthrop University )〕 Participants in Model UN conferences, known as delegates, are placed in committees and assigned countries, or occasionally other organizations or political figures, where they represent members of that body. They are presented with their assignments in advance, along with a topic or topics that their committee will discuss. Delegates conduct research before conferences and formulate positions that they will then debate with their fellow delegates in the committee, staying true to the actual position of the member they represent.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Getting Started - What is MUN? )〕 At the end of a conference, the best-performing delegates in each committee, as well as delegations, are sometimes recognized with awards. Model UN participants include students at middle school, high school, and college/university levels, with most conferences catering to just one of these three levels (high school and college conferences being most common).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=List of MUN Conferences by High School and College level )〕 Delegates usually attend conferences together as delegations sent by their respective schools' or universities' Model UN clubs, though some delegates attend conferences independently.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Sudden Rise of Independent Model UN Teams: Homeschool, Community, and Private Travel Teams )〕 == History == Model UN began as a series of student-led Model League of Nations simulations. It is believed that the first Model League of Nations conferences were held in the 1920s, before transitioning to Model UN after the formation of the League's successor organization, the United Nations, in 1945.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Frequently Asked Questions )〕 Today, some Model UN conferences include simulations of the League of Nations among their committee offerings. It is disputed which conference was the first Model UN conference held in the world, with the major claimants being Berkeley Model United Nations (BMUN),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Berkeley Model United Nations (BMUN XLI): Transformation Into a True Teaching Conference )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Berkeley Model United Nations Celebrates 60th Year as the First and Oldest MUN Conference in the World )〕 Harvard Model United Nations (HMUN), and National Model United Nations (NMUN NY). However, it is clear that the first was held some time in the early 1950s.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Frequently Asked Questions )〕 In recent decades, Model UN has spread to East and South Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, and sub-Saharan Africa, with major conference organizers such as Harvard and THIMUN establishing additional conferences in these regions to meet burgeoning demand.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Which Countries Love Model UN the Most? Analysis of the G20 Countries of Best Delegate Fans )〕 The Ivy League Model United Nations, an arm of the Model UN at the University of Pennsylvania, hosts conferences for high-school-aged delegates in India and China, as well.〔http://www.ilmunc-india.com〕〔http://www.ilmunc-china.com〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Model United Nations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|